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SRRSH Education Center

Our Education Center is home to resources and information to help you understand an illness or condition,

prepare for appointments, or adopt a healthier lifestyle. As a part of the Mayo Clinic Care Network, we can provide direct

online access to a variety of topics from the Mayo Clinic Health Library. The Mayo Clinic Health Library provides evidence-based,

researched clinical care and educational resources for Patients as well as Physicians.

FAQs

What it is, how it's done, how to prepare, risks and results.

Q:

Rosacea treatment: Can light therapy reduce symptoms?

2018-11-10
A:

Light therapy may be a better choice if you have tiny visible blood vessels (telangiectasia) on your face. Two options are laser therapy and intense pulsed light therapy. Studies show that light therapy may reduce the appearance of facial redness, flushing and telangiectasia.

Light therapy involves repeat treatments to maintain improved skin appearance. Side effects are usually minimal and may include temporary redness, loss of skin color and bruising.

More research is needed to determine how long the light therapy treatments are effective for rosacea and what the long-term risks might be. If you experience persistent rosacea, talk with your doctor to see if light therapy is an option for you.

Q:

Runner's diarrhea: How can I prevent it?

2019-11-22
A:

Runner's diarrhea is characterized by frequent, loose bowel movements during or immediately after a run. Runner's diarrhea is most common in long-distance runners.

The cause of runner's diarrhea isn't clear. Contributing factors likely include the physical jostling of the organs, decreased blood flow to the intestines, changes in intestinal hormone secretion, increased amount or introduction of a new food, and pre-race anxiety and stress. What is clear is that food moves more quickly through the bowels of athletes in training.

Often, simple dietary changes can help prevent runner's diarrhea:

  • At least one day before running, limit or avoid high-fiber and gas-producing foods, such as beans, bran, fruit and salad. If you run every day, experiment to find a tolerable level of fiber. Otherwise, simply eat those foods after you run.
  • At least one day before running, limit or avoid sweeteners called sugar alcohols (isomalt, sorbitol, others) — most often found in sugar-free candies, gum and ice cream.
  • For three to six hours before running, limit or avoid caffeine and high-fat foods.
  • For at least two hours before running, don't eat anything at all.
  • Before, during and after running, drink plenty of fluids. Dehydration can lead to diarrhea. Avoid warm liquids, however, which can speed food through the digestive tract.
  • While running, use caution with energy gels and energy bars. In some people, these products can contribute to diarrhea. And especially avoid introducing a new gel or bar on race day.
  • If you're lactose intolerant, switch to lactose-reduced or lactose-free milk and milk products.
  • Avoid nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others) or naproxen (Aleve). Both have been shown to increase the incidence of gastrointestinal complaints.

In addition, wear comfortable, loosefitting clothing when you run. Clothing that's too tight around the waist may aggravate diarrhea. You might also consider reducing the intensity or distance of your runs until the diarrhea improves. Then gradually increase your activity as your signs and symptoms allow. If these tips don't seem to help, consult your doctor for additional suggestions.

Q:

Sagging breasts: Inevitable after breast-feeding?

2020-04-03
A:

Research has shown that breast-feeding doesn't negatively affect breast shape or volume.

During pregnancy, the ligaments that support your breasts might stretch as your breasts get fuller and heavier. This stretching might contribute to sagging breasts after pregnancy — whether or not you breast-feed your baby. Sagging breasts might be more noticeable with each subsequent pregnancy.

Other factors also contribute to sagging breasts, including aging and smoking — both of which reduce skin elasticity. Being overweight, losing a significant amount of weight and having large breasts can have a similar effect.

Don't let a fear of sagging breasts stop you from breast-feeding. To help maintain the appearance of your breasts at any stage of life, make healthy lifestyle choices. Include regular physical activity in your daily routine and maintain a healthy weight. Eat a healthy diet. If you smoke, ask your doctor to help you quit.

Q:

Salt craving: A symptom of Addison's disease?

2020-04-21
A:

Salt craving can sometimes be caused by a serious underlying medical condition, such as adrenal insufficiency or Bartter's syndrome.

Adrenal insufficiency

Adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease) can cause a salt craving that's new, persistent and excessive.

Signs and symptoms of Addison's disease include:

  • Craving salt
  • Muscle aches and weakness
  • Fatigue
  • Nausea and stomach pain
  • Weight loss
  • Low blood pressure

Bartter's syndrome

Salt craving can sometimes be a symptom of a rare kidney disorder called Bartter's syndrome.

Seek medical attention

You'll likely want to have a doctor evaluate your husband's salt cravings, especially if he has other symptoms. Without a demonstrated sodium-losing cause, such as Addison's disease or Bartter's syndrome, eating too much salt generally isn't good for you because it can increase your risk of developing high blood pressure.

Q:

Savella for fibromyalgia: Helpful for fatigue?

2019-10-26
A:

In addition to relieving fibromyalgia pain, milnacipran (Savella) may help reduce the fatigue common in people who have fibromyalgia.

Fibromyalgia is a chronic disorder that features:

  • Widespread pain lasting at least three months
  • Presence of other symptoms such as fatigue, waking up tired and trouble thinking
  • No other underlying condition that might be causing the symptoms

An antidepressant, milnacipran is one of three drugs that have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration to treat fibromyalgia. While relief of fibromyalgia pain can help people feel less fatigued, milnacipran appears to have an additional effect on fatigue — separate from that associated with pain relief.

Other treatments that may reduce fibromyalgia fatigue include better sleep hygiene, exercise and cognitive behavioral therapy.

Q:

Scalp psoriasis vs. seborrheic dermatitis: What's the difference?

2020-01-22
A:

Your doctor can usually tell whether you have scalp psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis or both based on an examination of your skin, scalp and nails.

Scalp psoriasis and seborrheic dermatitis are common conditions that affect the scalp. In addition, they share some similar signs and symptoms, such as red, scaly skin.

Most often, the scales of psoriasis are thicker and somewhat drier in appearance than are the scales of seborrheic dermatitis. Psoriasis has more of a tendency to extend beyond the hairline. In addition, psoriasis usually affects more than one area of the body. If you have scalp psoriasis, you may also have mild psoriasis on your elbows, knees, hands or feet or may notice subtle nail changes, such as pitting.

Compare signs and symptoms

Scalp psoriasis

  • Red skin covered with flakes and silvery scales
  • Patches that may extend beyond the hairline or appear on other parts of the body
  • Itching or soreness

Seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp

  • Red skin covered with greasy-looking white or yellowish scales
  • Skin flakes (dandruff) that may attach to the hair shaft
  • Possibly itching

Scalp psoriasis and seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp share some similar treatments, including medicated shampoos and topical corticosteroid or antifungal solutions. Scalp psoriasis is often persistent and more difficult to treat than is seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp. Additional treatments, such as phototherapy, may be required to bring psoriasis under better control.

Q:

Sea salt vs. table salt: What's the difference?

2019-12-21
A:

The main differences between sea salt and table salt are in their taste, texture and processing.

Sea salt is produced through evaporation of ocean water or water from saltwater lakes, usually with little processing. Depending on the water source, this leaves behind certain trace minerals and elements. The minerals add flavor and color to sea salt, which also comes in a variety of coarseness levels.

Table salt is typically mined from underground salt deposits. Table salt is more heavily processed to eliminate minerals and usually contains an additive to prevent clumping. Most table salt also has added iodine, an essential nutrient that helps maintain a healthy thyroid.

Sea salt and table salt have the same basic nutritional value, despite the fact that sea salt is often promoted as being healthier. Sea salt and table salt contain comparable amounts of sodium by weight.

Whichever type of salt you enjoy, do so in moderation. The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend limiting sodium to less than 2,300 milligrams a day.

Q:

Second pregnancy: Different from the first pregnancy?

2020-04-16
A:

Every pregnancy is different — and there's no way to predict what your next pregnancy will be like.

However, during a second pregnancy you might notice a few differences from your first pregnancy, including:

  • Different breast changes. Your breasts might not be as tender or increase in size as much during your next pregnancy.
  • Showing earlier. Many women feel that they show earlier during their second pregnancy. This could be because their prior pregnancy stretched their abdominal muscles.
  • Feeling the baby move earlier. You might feel the baby move earlier during your second pregnancy simply because you know what to look for.
  • Changes in Braxton Hicks contractions. You might notice false labor contractions earlier during your second pregnancy.
  • Shorter labor. Labor might be shorter in a second pregnancy.

Also, keep in mind that if you had any complications during your first pregnancy, such as premature birth, high blood pressure, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, fetal growth restriction or postpartum depression, you might be at increased risk of the same problem in your second pregnancy or later pregnancies. Be sure to talk to your health care provider about signs and symptoms to be aware of and any steps you can take to reduce your risk.

Q:

Secondary infertility: Why does it happen?

2020-01-30
A:

Secondary infertility is the inability to become pregnant or to carry a baby to term after previously giving birth to a baby. Secondary infertility shares many of the same causes of primary infertility.

Secondary infertility might be caused by:

  • Impaired sperm production, function or delivery in men
  • Fallopian tube damage, ovulation disorders, endometriosis and uterine conditions in women
  • Complications related to prior pregnancy or surgery
  • Risk factor changes for you or your partner, such as age, weight and use of certain medications

If you're younger than 35 and have frequent, unprotected sex but don't become pregnant after a year, talk to your health care provider. If you're 35 or older — or you have other infertility risk factors such as infrequent periods or endometriosis — earlier evaluation is recommended.

Depending on the circumstances, both you and your partner might need medical evaluations. Your doctor can help determine whether there's an issue that requires a specialist or treatment at a fertility clinic.

Secondary infertility can be surprising and stressful. Don't try to cope alone. Seek support from your partner, family and friends as you talk to your health care provider about the next steps.

Q:

Self-care for the flu

2019-04-19
A:

Flu symptoms generally begin about one or two days after your exposure to the virus and may seem to hit you suddenly. Among healthy people, flu symptoms vary in severity. Signs and symptoms range from a sore throat and runny nose to fever, chills and muscle aches.

Flu symptoms can make you feel awful, but if you're otherwise healthy, younger than age 65 and not pregnant, you can generally take care of yourself at home rather than going to your doctor. Try these remedies:

  • Take acetaminophen (Tylenol, others) or ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others) to reduce fever and muscle aches. Don't give products containing aspirin to children or teens recovering from chickenpox or flu-like symptoms, as these drugs have been linked to Reye's syndrome, a rare but potentially life-threatening condition, in such children.
  • Drink clear fluids, such as water, broth or sports drinks.
  • Rest as needed or change some of your activities, depending on your symptoms.

Stay home from work, school and other public places for at least 24 hours after your fever is gone to avoid infecting other people. Most people feel better within a week of becoming infected with the flu virus, although coughing may last for another one or two weeks.

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